Digital transformation and workforce readiness in port management: a systematic literature review of HRM practices

Jurnal Riset Tindakan Indonesia October 13, 2026 Volume 11, Number 2 2 authors

Abstract

This study systematically synthesizes human resource management (HRM) practices and workforce readiness dimensions supporting digital transformation in maritime ports. A systematic literature review following PRISMA 2020 examined 63 articles published between 2000 and 2024, retrieved from Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Descriptive and thematic analyses were conducted using NVivo 14. Training and development dominated the literature (60%), followed by performance management (41%) and recruitment (29%). Workforce readiness encompassed technical (81%), behavioral (60%), and organizational (51%) dimensions. Digital skills gaps (76%) were frequently reported, while management commitment (73%) emerged as a prominent enabler. Only 19% of studies examined multidimensional HRM integration, indicating fragmented research. Existing evidence emphasizes individual competencies over integrated HRM strategies. The proposed conceptual synthesis highlights the need for coordinated workforce development, while further empirical validation is required to establish effectiveness and causal relationships.

Authors

  1. Marjohan Marjohan

    Ketatalaksanaan Pelayaran Niaga dan Kepel, Akademi Maritim Sapta Samudra

  2. Aisyah Anggraeni

    Universitas Negeri Padang

Keywords

Digital TransformationHuman Resource ManagementWorkforce ReadinessMaritime Ports

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