Augmented reality as a table tennis learning medium: improving students’ technical understanding and motor skills

Jurnal Riset Tindakan Indonesia October 13, 2026 Volume 11, Number 2 3 authors

Abstract

This study aimed to examine changes in students’ technical understanding and motor skills following the implementation of an augmented reality (AR)-based table tennis learning medium. The study employed a one-group pretest–posttest design involving 30 students. Technical understanding and motor skills were assessed before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, paired-samples t-tests, Cohen’s dz, Shapiro–Wilk tests, and normalized gain. Technical understanding increased from 67.67 ± 7.03 to 80.97 ± 7.00, while motor skills improved from 65.77 ± 7.86 to 76.77 ± 6.97. Both changes were statistically significant (p < .001), with very large within-group effect sizes (dz = 2.40 and 2.02) and moderate normalized gains of 41.5% and 32.1%, respectively. AR-based table tennis learning was associated with meaningful improvements in conceptual and motor outcomes, supporting its potential as a complementary medium for university-level practical instruction.

Authors

  1. Dessi Novita Sari

    Fakultas Ilmu Keolahragaan Universitas Negeri Padang

  2. Sonya Nelson

    Universitas Negeri Padang

  3. Ade Zalindro

    Fakultas Ilmu Keolahragaan Universitas Negeri Padang

Keywords

Augmented realityTable tennisPhysical educationTechnical understandingMotor skills

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