The effect of project-based learning integrated with interactive camera simulator learning media on students' learning outcomes in photography techniques

Journal of Counseling, Education and Society November 02, 2026 Volume 7, Number 1 4 authors

Abstract

Photography Techniques requires students to connect visual concepts with practical decisions involving camera angles, shot sizes, and composition. Preliminary classroom observation at SMKN 1 Sampang recorded difficulties among 14 of 25 students (56%). This study was designed to examine the effect of Project-Based Learning (PjBL) integrated with interactive multimedia on tenth-grade students’ cognitive learning outcomes using a quasi-experimental pretest–posttest control-group design. The draft describes 40 students in an experimental group and a control group (20 students each), with a cognitive test administered before and after instruction. The proposed analysis includes descriptive statistics, assumption checks, within-group and between-group comparisons, normalized gain, and effect size. However, the numerical results currently included in the manuscript have not been verified against the original participant-level dataset. Therefore, reported means, significance tests, and effect sizes should be treated as provisional and must not be interpreted as confirmed empirical findings until the original data, instrument quality evidence, and analysis output have been checked. The study’s intended contribution is to examine how interactive visual explanations and questions can prepare students for the planning, production, presentation, and evaluation stages of a photography project.

Authors

  1. Ayesha Naira Ammara Hasna Darmawan

    Department Educational Technology, Faculty of Education, State University of Surabaya

  2. Mustaji Mustaji

    Department of Educational Technology, Faculty of Education, State University of Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia

  3. Alim Sumarno

    Department of Educational Technology, Faculty of Education, State University of Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia

  4. Dhiajeng Putri Kumala

    Department of Public Finance, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Erciyes University, Kayseri

Keywords

Project-based learningInteractive multimediaVocational educationPhotography techniquesQuasi-experimental study

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