Orchestrating inclusive school ecosystems: a contextual leadership model for primary schools

Journal of Counseling, Education and Society October 30, 2026 Volume 7, Number 1 3 authors

Abstract

This study develops a theoretically explicit, context-responsive model of inclusive primary-school leadership and uses North Halmahera as a boundary context rather than an empirically sampled case. A targeted integrative review combined qualitative policy and document analysis with three-stage thematic synthesis. Searches updated on 31 August 2026 covered ERIC, Crossref, Google Scholar, backward citation chaining, and official Indonesian sources. The final analytic corpus comprised 37 documents: 27 substantive scholarly sources, five methodological sources, and five policy or contextual documents. Eligibility required direct relevance to inclusive school leadership, instructional practice, teacher capacity, reasonable accommodation, family and community participation, support networks, or data-informed improvement. The synthesis yielded six interdependent dimensions: rights-based vision and ethics; inclusive instructional leadership; teacher-capacity development; reasonable accommodation and resource governance; family, community, and Disability Service Unit networks; and data-informed continuous improvement. The architecture synthesises rights and social-justice, instructional, distributed, and systems leadership: rights-based vision is foundational; instruction, capacity building, and accommodation form the operational core; and networks and data function as enabling and feedback conditions. No included study tested the six dimensions as a causal configuration, and no inter-rater coefficient was generated. KIK-HU is therefore a conceptual proposition, not a validated intervention, and requires multisite empirical testing.

Authors

  1. Taslim Buaja

    Program Studi Pendidikan Guru Sekolah Dasar, Fakultas Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Muhammadiyah Maluku Utara

  2. Djulaiha Abubakar

    Program Studi Pendidikan Guru Sekolah Dasar, Fakultas Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Muhammadiyah Maluku Utara

  3. Paul Arjanto

    Program Studi Manajemen Pendidikan, Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Pattimura

Keywords

Inclusive educationInclusive school leadershipInstructional leadershipReasonable accommodationDisability support systems

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