Peran konseling dan intervensi spiritual dalam pengelolaan kesehatan mental pasien napza: kajian literatur

Southeast Asian Journal of Technology and Science July 19, 2026 Volume 7, Number 1 6 authors

Abstract

Penggunaan narkotika, psikotropika, dan zat adiktif lainnya (NAPZA) menimbulkan beban kesehatan mental yang signifikan, sementara pendekatan yang semata-mata medis kerap belum menjangkau dimensi eksistensial pemulihan. Kajian ini bertujuan menganalisis peran konseling dan intervensi spiritual dalam mendukung kesehatan mental serta mengidentifikasi aspek kesehatan mental dan pemulihan psikososial yang didukungnya pada pasien dengan masalah penggunaan NAPZA. Tinjauan literatur sistematis dilakukan mengikuti pedoman pelaporan PRISMA 2020 dengan kerangka Modified PICO. Data bersumber dari ekspor basis data Scopus (n = 454). Setelah penghapusan duplikat, penyaringan judul-abstrak, dan penilaian kelayakan berbasis PICO, diperoleh 24 studi final. Sintesis tematik digunakan untuk memetakan temuan ke dalam dua pertanyaan penelitian. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa spiritualitas/religiusitas dan intervensi spiritual terstruktur berperan melalui empat fungsi utama: fungsi protektif-preventif, intervensi klinis terintegrasi-spiritual, penyediaan layanan pastoral/kapelan, serta mekanisme makna dan keutamaan psikologis positif. Aspek yang paling konsisten dilaporkan didukung meliputi penurunan penggunaan zat, gejala depresi-ansietas-stres, perilaku melukai diri, serta peningkatan makna hidup, coping, dan pemulihan psikososial. Namun, mayoritas bukti bersifat observasional-korelasional dengan hasil yang tidak selalu searah, termasuk indikasi distress spiritual yang lebih tinggi pada sebagian pasien. Konseling spiritual berpotensi menjadi komponen komplementer dalam rehabilitasi NAPZA, tetapi klaim efektivitas kausal belum dapat ditegakkan dari bukti yang tersedia.

Authors

  1. Nurul Pazila

    Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau

  2. Azni

    Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau

  3. Siti Hazar Sitorus

    Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau

  4. Nurjanis

    Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau

  5. Silawati

    Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau

  6. Syarifah Syarifah

    Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau, Pekanbaru

Keywords

Kesehatan mentalKonseling spiritualNapzaPemulihan psikososialSubstance use disorder

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