Development of STEM–based Arduino MQ-2 worksheet to improve students’ critical thinking

Journal of Educational and Learning Studies August 26, 2026 Volume 9, Number 1 6 authors

Abstract

This study aimed to develop and evaluate the validity, practicality, and effectiveness of a STEM-based Student Worksheet integrating Arduino MQ-2 to enhance students’ critical thinking skills in investigating air pollution. This Research and Development study employed the Four-D model with 38 Biology Education students selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using validation sheets, response questionnaires, implementation observations, and pretest-posttest instruments covering six critical thinking indicators. Descriptive analysis and N-Gain were used to evaluate the worksheet. Results showed a validity score of 93.50% (very valid), 100% implementation across STEM components, and student responses ranging from 94.73% to 100% (very practical). The mean score increased from 70.16 on the pretest to 95.76 on the posttest, with an N-Gain of 0.85 (high). Therefore, the developed worksheet is valid, practical, and effective in enhancing students’ critical thinking skills.

Authors

  1. Diah Ayu Anjeli

    Universitas Negeri Surabaya

  2. Rinie Pratiwi Puspitawati

    Universitas Negeri Surabaya

  3. Pramita Yakub

    Universitas Negeri Surabaya

  4. Arini Zahrotun Nasicha

    Universitas Khairun

  5. Sabarina Md Yunus

    Universiti Teknologi MARA

  6. Indra Tejamukti

    Davao Indonesian School

Keywords

STEM-based Student WorksheetArduino MQ – 2Air pollutionCritical Thinking SkillsBiology Education

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