The effectiveness of the games based learning model in improving students' lower passing skills

Journal of Educational and Learning Studies March 30, 2026 Volume 9, Number 1 4 authors

Abstract

This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of the Games Based Learning (GBL) model in improving volleyball lower passing skills among Grade X students at SMKN 1 Solok Selatan. A quantitative quasi-experimental study employing a Non-equivalent Control Group Pretest–Posttest Design was conducted. The sample consisted of 69 students selected through total sampling, including 35 students in the experimental group and 34 students in the control group. The experimental group received Games Based Learning instruction, while the control group received conventional instruction. Data were collected using a lower passing skills test assessing passing accuracy, strength control, and movement consistency. Data were analyzed using N-Gain analysis, Paired Sample t-tests, and Independent Sample t-tests. The experimental group showed a significant improvement (t = −13.834, p < 0.001) with an N-Gain of 0.5191 (moderate), whereas the control group achieved an N-Gain of 0.2922 (low). A significant difference was found between groups (t = 3.503, p < 0.001). Games Based Learning was more effective than conventional instruction in improving students’ volleyball lower passing skills and is recommended for physical education learning.

Authors

  1. Yungmi Muliadi

    Universitas Negeri Padang

  2. Muhamad Sazeli Rifki

    Universitas Negeri Padang

  3. Eval Edmizal

    Universitas Negeri Padang

  4. Sepriadi Sepriadi

    Universitas Negeri Padang

Keywords

Games Based LearningVolleyballLower Passing SkillsPhysical Education

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