Interactive effects of motor coordination and socioeconomic status on fundamental motor skills

Journal of Educational and Learning Studies March 30, 2026 Volume 9, Number 1 6 authors

Abstract

This study aimed to examine the individual and combined effects of motor coordination and socioeconomic status on Fundamental Motor Skills (FMS) among elementary school students. A quantitative study using a 2 × 2 factorial design was conducted involving 72 students selected through purposive sampling from a population of 101 students at SDN 45 Bungo Pasang, Padang City. FMS were assessed using the Test of Gross Motor Development-2 (TGMD-2), motor coordination was measured using the (KTK), and socioeconomic status was classified based on parental socioeconomic data. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Two-Way ANOVA. Significant differences were found between students with high and low motor coordination (p = 0.028) and between students with moderate and low socioeconomic status (p = 0.014). A significant interaction effect was also identified between motor coordination and socioeconomic status (p < 0.001). FMS development is influenced by both motor coordination and socioeconomic conditions, highlighting the importance of integrating individual motor competence and environmental support in physical education programs.

Authors

  1. Difi Deofsila

    Universitas Negeri Padang

  2. Syahrial Bakhtiar

    Universitas Negeri Padang

  3. Gusril Gusril

    Universitas Negeri Padang

  4. Yendrizal Yendrizal

    Universitas Negeri Padang

  5. Lucy Pratama Putri

    Universitas Negeri Padang

  6. Risky Syahputra

    Universitas Mulawarman

Keywords

FMSmotor Coordinationsocioeconomic StatusKTKChildren

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