Efek nihil pembelajaran sebelumnya terhadap efikasi diri dan motivasi pada pembelajar bahasa jerman pemula

Jurnal Konseling dan Pendidikan December 30, 2025 Volume 13, Number 4 3 authors

Abstract

Prior learning experience is often assumed to influence students’ psychological readiness in foreign language education. This study examined whether first-year students in a tertiary German language education program differed in self-efficacy and learning motivation based on their prior exposure to German before university. Using a quantitative comparative approach, data were collected from 76 students through adapted measures of self-efficacy and academic motivation. The findings revealed no statistically significant differences between students with and without prior learning experience in either self-efficacy or motivation. Although a slight tendency in motivational scores favored the experienced group, effect sizes were small, indicating limited practical differences. These results suggest that, in the context of beginner-level tertiary German education, prior exposure alone may not function as a decisive differentiating factor in students’ initial psychological conditions. Instead, self-efficacy and motivation appear to be shaped in interaction with the immediate learning context. Further longitudinal research is recommended to explore how individual differences evolve over time in foreign language learning.

Authors

  1. Aulia Azzahra Hidayah

    Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia

  2. Pepen Permana

    Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia

  3. Nur Muthmainah

    Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia

Keywords

Self-efficacyLearning MotivationGerman as a foreign languagePrior learning experienceTertiary German education

References

  1. Alghameeti, A., Alghumsha, A., Alsaleh, A., Alqarni, B., & Alghizzi, T. M. (2025). A correlational study of anxiety and motivation on learning chinese as a foreign language. Acta Psychologica, 260, 105483. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2025.105483
  2. Annisa, A., Hasibuan, E., Dalimunthe, L. A. Z., & Nasution, S. (2025). Dampak Latar Belakang Pendidikan Pesantren Dan Non-Pesantren Terhadap Kemampuan Bahasa Arab Siswa Di MAS Muhammadiyah 01 Medan. Al-Muyassar: Journal of Arabic Education, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.31000/al-muyassar.v4i1.12947
  3. Bandura, A. (1997). Selff-efficacy, the exercise of control. MC graw hill companies.
  4. Cai, Y. (2025). The Bidirectional Relationship Between Self-Concept and Self-Efficacy and Their Relative Importance to Foreign Language Learning Achievement. The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher, 34(1), 53–63. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40299-024-00836-3
  5. Cedzich, A. (2024). The role of self-efficacy in foreign language acquisition. East-West Cultural Passage, 24(1), 171–194. https://doi.org/10.2478/ewcp-2024-0010
  6. Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences (2nd ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203771587
  7. Fadhillah, M. A., Eryanto, H., & Wolor, C. W. (2025). Pengaruh motivasi belajar dan kepercayaan diri terhadap prestasi belajar siswa SMKN 22 Jakarta. Sindoro: Cendikia Pendidikan, 17(4), 51–60. https://doi.org/10.99534/gtpmmw35
  8. Fan, L., & Cui, F. (2024). Mindfulness, self-efficacy, and self-regulation as predictors of psychological well-being in EFL learners. Frontiers in Psychology, 15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1332002
  9. Fathi, J., Pawlak, M., Saeedian, S., & Ghaderi, A. (2024). Exploring factors affecting foreign language achievement: The role of growth mindset, self-efficacy, and L2 grit. Language Teaching Research, 13621688241227603. https://doi.org/10.1177/13621688241227603
  10. Franchisca, S., Sari, M. N., Nurfitri, N., Nelloe, M. K., Mulyapradana, A., & Fitriani, N. (2024). The impact of motivation on foreign language learning: A longitudinal study. Journal on Education, 6(2), 11082–11093.
  11. Graham, S. (2022). Self-efficacy and language learning – what it is and what it isn’t. The Language Learning Journal, 50(2), 186–207. https://doi.org/10.1080/09571736.2022.2045679
  12. Gurium, Y., Rohmah, I. I. T., & Fitrianingsih, A. (2025). How self-efficacy influences the speaking skill of english department learners. Seminar Nasional Inovasi Pendidikan Dan Pembelajaran, 1(1), 182–188.
  13. Hennebry-Leung, M., & Lamb, M. (2024). Language learning motivation in diverse educational contexts. English Teaching & Learning, 48(2), 145–153. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42321-024-00179-8
  14. Hui, X., & Chen, Y. (2025). The mediating role of English learning motivation between socioeconomic status and pragmatic awareness. Frontiers in Psychology, 15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1471108
  15. Ishida, A., & Sekiyama, T. (2024). Variables influencing students’ learning motivation: Critical literature review. Frontiers in Education, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2024.1445011
  16. Ju, S. Y. (2025). Charting language horizons: Investigating the role of self-efficacy in shaping foreign language learning among university students– a systematic review. Dipresentasikan pada International Conference of Language & Education (iLEC2025). Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia. Diambil dari https://sites.google.com/view/ilec2025/home
  17. Kayır, G., Dinçer, S., & Korkmaz, H. (2025). The relationship between learning motivation and perceived english language skills competence. Advanced Education, 19, 22–44. https://doi.org/10.20535/2410-8286.333111
  18. Ladies, D., Angel, N., Damanik, E., & Azizah, N. (2025). Tantangan dan keuntungan belajar bahasa jerman bagi penutur bahasa Indonesia. Journal of Multidisciplinary Inquiry in Science, Technology and Educational Research, 2(2), 3577–3583. https://doi.org/10.32672/mister.v2i2.3210
  19. Maulida, A. Z., Khotib, R. R., & Rahmatul ’Izza, J. N. (2025). Aspek yang mempengaruhi kecemasan berbicara bahasa Inggris pada mahasiswa baru. Warta Dharmawangsa, 19(3), 1181–1188. https://doi.org/10.46576/wdw.v19i3.6734
  20. Nofera, F., Pismawenzy, P., & Octavia, I. A. (2025). Efikasi diri akademik dengan pengaturan diri dalam belajar pada siswa. Psikobuletin:Buletin Ilmiah Psikologi, 6(2), 53–63. https://doi.org/10.24014/pib.v6i2.26018
  21. Nuroniah, P., Nisa, G. O. K., Mashudi, E. A., & Nadhirah, N. A. (2022). Dinamika emosi akademik pada mahasiswa baru. JBKI (Jurnal Bimbingan Konseling Indonesia), 7(2), 74–82. https://doi.org/10.26737/jbki.v7i2.2814
  22. Oga-Baldwin, W. L. Q., & Ryan, R. M. (2025). Competence need satisfaction in language learning (and beyond): Current state of the evidence and directions for exploration. Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching, 15(2), 279–299. https://doi.org/10.14746/ssllt.48236
  23. Papi, M., & Khajavy, H. (2023). Second language anxiety: Construct, effects, and sources. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 43, 127–139. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0267190523000028
  24. Parida, R., Permana, P., & Muthmainah, N. (2025). Efikasi diri, motivasi, dan prestasi: Studi eksploratif pada mahasiswa. Jurnal EDUCATIO: Jurnal Pendidikan Indonesia, 11(1), 161–170. https://doi.org/10.29210/1202525643
  25. Qiao, C. (2024). Factors influencing second language learning based on the research of Lightbown and Spada. Frontiers in Psychology, 15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1347691
  26. Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000a). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55(1), 68–78. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.68
  27. Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000b). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55(1), 68–78. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.68
  28. Saks, K. (2024). The effect of self-efficacy and self-set grade goals on academic outcomes. Frontiers in Psychology, Volume 15-2024. Diambil dari https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1324007
  29. Schwarzer, R, J., M. (1995). General Self Efficacy Scale (GSE)—Measures in Health Psychology: A User’s Portfolio. Causal and Control Beliefs. Diambil dari https://measure-wellbeing.org/measures-bank/gse/
  30. Sinaga, Y. S., & Subekti, A. S. (2025). Self-efficacy in four language skills of indonesian L2 learners of nglish: A comparative survey study. LITERA, 24(1), 61–72. https://doi.org/10.21831/ltr.v24i1.77904
  31. Thacker, J. (2020). The Effect of Language Learning Experience on Motivation and Anxiety of Foreign Language Learning Students. Theses and Dissertations. Diambil dari https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/8759
  32. Timmis, M. A., Hibbs, A., Polman, R., Hayman, R., & Stephens, D. (2024). Previous education experience impacts student expectation and initial experience of transitioning into higher education. Frontiers in Education, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2024.1479546
  33. Tomasouw, J., Serpara, H., & Nikijuluw, M. M. (2022). Bahasa Jerman sebagai jembatan berkarir di Jerman. German für Gesellschaft (J-Gefüge), 1(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.30598/jgefuege.1.1.1-8
  34. Vallerand, R. J., Pelletier, L. G., Blais, M. R., Briere, N. M., Senecal, C., & Vallieres, E. F. (1992). The academic motivation scale: A measure of intrinsic, extrinsic, and amotivation in education. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 52(4), 1003–1017. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164492052004025
  35. Waddington, J. (2023). Self-efficacy. ELT Journal, 77(2), 237–240. https://doi.org/10.1093/elt/ccac046
  36. Xu, W., Zhang, H., Sukjairungwattana, P., & Wang, T. (2022). The roles of motivation, anxiety and learning strategies in online Chinese learning among Thai learners of Chinese as a foreign language. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.962492
  37. Yang, H., & Li, Y. (2025). The role of mindfulness in foreign language anxiety: A systematic review of correlational and intervention studies. International Journal of Mental Health Promotion, 27(9), 1279–1300. https://doi.org/10.32604/ijmhp.2025.068399
  38. Yaprak, A. (2025). Motivation to learn german as a foreign language: A systematic literature review. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 12, 101741. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2025.101741
  39. Zhou, M., Wang, X., & Wang, R. (2025). Foreign language learning’s role in the development of global competence: A latent profile analysis. Acta Psychologica, 254, 104850. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2025.104850
  40. Zhou, S., Chiu, M. M., Dong, Z., & Zhou, W. (2023). Foreign language anxiety and foreign language self-efficacy: A meta-analysis. Current Psychology, 42(35), 31536–31550. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-022-04110-x