Determinants of intention and acceptance of halal vaccine and pharmaceutical drugs: the roles of knowledge, attitudes, and behavior

Jurnal Konseling dan Pendidikan December 30, 2025 Volume 13, Number 4 3 authors

Abstract

Halal awareness leads a key role in shaping health-related decision making among Muslim. As Muslims are obliged to consume halal products, concerns regarding halal status may influence their intention to accept vaccines and pharmaceutical drugs. The study aim is to assess the acceptance of halal vaccines and drugs based on the level of halal awareness among DKI Jakarta residents by halal knowledge, attitudes, and behavior. This cross-sectional was conducted among 400 respondents. Data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate analyses, with Spearman’s rho employed to assess correlations between variables. The results showed that the level of knowledge was moderate (59.5%), for attitude was categorized as positive (84.5%), and behavior was low (44.5%). As for the correlation results with the Spearman rho test, it was concluded that there was a relationship between the level of knowledge and attitude, the result was a p-value of 0.016 (P<0.05) from a negative value of r= -0.121, while between the level of knowledge and behavior the relationship was a p-value of 0.001 (P<0.05 ) from a value of r = 0.289, and between attitudes and behavior there is a relationship as the variable value showed of p-value 0.036 (P<0.05) from a negative value of r = -0.105. These findings indicate that halal awareness significantly influences intention and acceptance behavior toward halal vaccines and drugs.

Authors

  1. Etin Diah Permanasari

    Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. DR. HAMKA

  2. Careninda Ayu Bella

    Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. DR. HAMKA

  3. Imawati Eka Putri

    Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. DR. HAMKA

Keywords

Halal attitudeHalal knowledgeHalal vaccine and pharmaceutical drugsHalal awarenesshalal behavior

References

  1. Aertsens, J., Verbeke, W., Mondelaers, K., & Van Huylenbroeck, G. (2009). Personal determinants of organic food consumption: a review. British Food Journal, 111(10), 1140–1167. https://doi.org/10.1108/00070700910992961
  2. Ahmad, A. N., Rahman, A. A., & Rahman, S. A. (2015). Assessing Knowledge and Religiosity on Consumer Behavior towards Halal Food and Cosmetic Products. International Journal of Social Science and Humanity, 5(1), 10–14. https://doi.org/10.7763/IJSSH.2015.V5.413
  3. Ajzen, I., & Fishbein, M. (2000). Attitudes and the Attitude-Behavior Relation: Reasoned and Automatic Processes. European Review of Social Psychology, 11(1), 1–33. https://doi.org/10.1080/14792779943000116
  4. Alhyas, L., Al Ozaibi, N., Elarabi, H., El-Kashef, A., Wanigaratne, S., Almarzouqi, A., Alhosani, A., & Al Ghaferi, H. (2015). Adolescents’ perception of substance use and factors influencing its use: a qualitative study in Abu Dhabi. JRSM Open, 6(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/2054270414567167
  5. Al-Jayyousi, G. F., Sherbash, M. A. M., Ali, L. A. M., El-Heneidy, A., Alhussaini, N. W. Z., Elhassan, M. E. A., & Nazzal, M. A. (2021). Factors Influencing Public Attitudes towards COVID-19 Vaccination: A Scoping Review Informed by the Socio-Ecological Model. Vaccines, 9(6), 548. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9060548
  6. Bachmann, M. F., & Dyer, M. R. (2004). Therapeutic vaccination for chronic diseases: a new class of drugs in sight. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, 3, 81–88.
  7. Bachmid, S., & Noval, N. (2023). Moderate Role of Halal Awareness in The Relationship of Purchase Intention, Personal Norms and Muslim Buying Behavior. BISNIS : Jurnal Bisnis Dan Manajemen Islam, 10(2), 247. https://doi.org/10.21043/bisnis.v10i2.16653
  8. BPS Provinsi DKI Jakarta. (2024). Provinsi DKI Jakarta Dalam Angka 2023.
  9. Brenzel, L., Wolfson, L. J., Fox-Rushby, J., Miller, M., & Halsey, N. A. (2006). Vaccine-preventable Diseases. In D. Jamison & A. Measham (Eds.), Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries (2nd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press.
  10. Bukhari, S. N. Z., Isa, S. M., & Yen Nee, G. (2021). Halal vaccination purchase intention. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 12(4), 670–689. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-10-2019-0209
  11. Deep, P. Das, Ghosh, N., Gaither, C., & Rahaman, Md. S. (2024). The Factors Affecting Substance Use and the Most Effective Mental Health Interventions in Adolescents and Young Adults. Psychoactives, 3(4), 461–475. https://doi.org/10.3390/psychoactives3040028
  12. Destiana, A. R., & Tairas, D. R. (2021). Determinants of Indonesian Consumer’s Intention to Purchase Halal Food in Overseas: Modified Theory Planned Behavior Model with Religiosity. Journal of Strategic and Global Studies, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.7454/jsgs.v4i1.1039
  13. Dumit, J. (2012). Drugs for Life: How Pharmaceutical Companies Define Our Health. Duke University Press. https://doi.org/10.1515/9780822393481
  14. Erawan, M. A. S. P., Zaid, Z., Pratondo, K., & Lestari, A. Y. (2021). Predicting Covid-19 Vaccination Intention: The Role of Health Belief Model of Muslim Societies in Yogyakarta. Al-Sihah: The Public Health Science Journal, 13(1), 36. https://doi.org/10.24252/al-sihah.v13i1.20647
  15. Ferreira, L. L. G., & Andricopulo, A. D. (2019). Drugs and vaccines in the 21st century for neglected diseases. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 19(2), 125–127.
  16. Foxall, G. R. (2010). Invitation to Consumer Behavior Analysis. Journal of Organizational Behavior Management, 30(2), 92–109. https://doi.org/10.1080/01608061003756307
  17. Jamil Al-Otoum, F., & Nimri, R. S. (2015). Antecedents of Environmental Buying Behavior: Case of the Jordanian Market. International Journal of Business and Management, 10(9). https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v10n9p240
  18. Jing, S., Milne, R., Wang, H., & Xue, L. (2023). Vaccine hesitancy promotes emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 570, 111522. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2023.111522
  19. Joshi, A., Kaur, M., Kaur, R., Grover, A., Nash, D., & El-Mohandes, A. (2021). Predictors of COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance, Intention, and Hesitancy: A Scoping Review. Frontiers in Public Health, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.698111
  20. Kaczmarek, E. (2022). Promoting diseases to promote drugs: The role of the pharmaceutical industry in fostering good and bad medicalization. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 88(1), 34–39. https://doi.org/10.1111/bcp.14835
  21. Lau, H., Khosrawipour, V., Kocbach, P., Mikolajczyk, A., Schubert, J., Bania, J., & Khosrawipour, T. (2020). The positive impact of lockdown in Wuhan on containing the COVID-19 outbreak in China. Journal of Travel Medicine, 27(3). https://doi.org/10.1093/jtm/taaa037
  22. Lindholt, M. F., Jørgensen, F., Bor, A., & Petersen, M. B. (2021). Public acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines: cross-national evidence on levels and individual-level predictors using observational data. BMJ Open, 11(6), e048172. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-048172
  23. Maichum, K., Parichatnon, S., & Peng, K.-C. (2017). The Influence of Attitude, Knowledge and Quality on Purchase Intention towards Halal Food: A Case Study of Young Non-Muslim Consumers in Thailand. IRA-International Journal of Management & Social Sciences (ISSN 2455-2267), 6(3), 354. https://doi.org/10.21013/jmss.v6.n3.p3
  24. Maya Adiba, E. (2019). Consumer purchasing behavior of halal cosmetics: a study on generation X and Y. Journal of Islamic Monetary Economics and Finance, 5(1), 169–192. https://doi.org/10.21098/jimf.v5i1.1052
  25. Mohd Jenol, N. A., & Ahmad Pazil, N. H. (2023). Halal or Haram? The COVID-19 Vaccine Discussion Among Twitter users in Malaysia. Journal of Religion and Health, 62(4), 2933–2946. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-023-01798-4
  26. Muhammad Amin, Abd. R., Syatar, A., Abubakar, A., Kurniati, K., & Alimuddin, H. (2024). Between Ḍarūrah and Halal Integrity: MUI Fatwas on Harm-Derived Vaccines and Medicines. Samarah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Dan Hukum Islam, 8(2), 1239. https://doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v8i2.8938
  27. Nikmatullah, N. A., & Permanasari, E. D. (2024). Detection and quantification of pork and rat DNA in processed meats using multiplex quantitative Real‐Time PCR (m‐qPCR). Indonesian Journal of Biotechnology, 29(3), 169. https://doi.org/10.22146/ijbiotech.94212
  28. Nowalk, M. P., Balasubramani, G. K., Zimmerman, R. K., Bear, T. M., Sax, T., Eng, H., Susick, M., & Ford, S. E. (2019). Influenza Vaccine Intention After a Medically Attended Acute Respiratory Infection. Health Promotion Practice, 20(4), 539–552. https://doi.org/10.1177/1524839918782137
  29. Nugrahaeni, F. (2023). Tingkat Pengetahuan, Sikap, dan Perilaku Masyarakat Terhadap Kehalalan Kosmetik Di Kecamatan Duren Sawit DKI Jakarta. Journal of Islamic Pharmacy, 7(2), 119–122. https://doi.org/10.18860/jip.v7i2.16050
  30. Oyekale, A. S. (2022). Factors Influencing Willingness to Be Vaccinated against COVID-19 in Nigeria. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(11), 6816. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19116816
  31. Pelčić, G., Karačić, S., Mikirtichan, G. L., Kubar, O. I., Leavitt, F. J., Cheng-tek Tai, M., Morishita, N., Vuletić, S., & Tomašević, L. (2016). Religious exception for vaccination or religious excuses for avoiding vaccination. Croatian Medical Journal, 57(5), 516–521. https://doi.org/10.3325/cmj.2016.57.516
  32. Permanasari, E. D., & Nugrahaeni, F. (2021). Pembangunan Perilaku Sadar Halal Generasi Muda Melalui Edukasi dan Sosialisasi Halal Tingkat SMA Kota Jakarta Timur. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Abdimasmu, 87–97.
  33. Permanasari, E. D., Unaryo, H., Wirman, A. P., Rahmadini, N., Aggasy, S. Y., & Nikmatullah, N. A. (2024). DNA-based detection of Rat in the meatballs product using a real-time polymerase chain reaction method. Pharmaciana, 14(3), 423–433. https://doi.org/10.12928/pharmaciana.v14i3.27850
  34. Quinn, S. C., Kumar, S., Freimuth, V. S., Kidwell, K., & Musa, D. (2009). Public Willingness to Take a Vaccine or Drug Under Emergency Use Authorization during the 2009 H1N1 Pandemic. Biosecurity and Bioterrorism: Biodefense Strategy, Practice, and Science, 7(3), 275–290. https://doi.org/10.1089/bsp.2009.0041
  35. Renhaddwi Mahadana Satya, & Najwa Rahman. (2025). The Controversy of Using Non-Halal Ingredients in Vaccine Production: Between Emergency Needs and Sharia Principles. Siyasah Dusturiyah: State Law Review, 1(3), 182–194. https://doi.org/10.65101/9q77hn03
  36. Rizal, M., Purwo Saputro, E., Wahyuddin, M., & Idris Abas, N. (2022). The Effect of Store Image on Purchase Intention Mediated by Perceived Value and Brand Awareness (Empirical Study on Retail Store Consumers in Surakarta).
  37. Rumahorbo, K. N., Syarifah, S., Anggraini, D. R., Siregar, K. B., Amelia, R., & Sari, M. I. (2022). Factors Influence the Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behavior of Community about COVID-19 Vaccine in Medan City, Indonesia. Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 10(E), 371–377. https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.8434
  38. Sandmann, F. G., Davies, N. G., Vassall, A., Edmunds, W. J., Jit, M., Sun, F. Y., Villabona-Arenas, C. J., Nightingale, E. S., Showering, A., Knight, G. M., Sherratt, K., Liu, Y., Abbas, K., Funk, S., Endo, A., Hellewell, J., Rosello, A., Lowe, R., Quaife, M., … Klepac, P. (2021). The potential health and economic value of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination alongside physical distancing in the UK: a transmission model-based future scenario analysis and economic evaluation. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 21(7), 962–974. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(21)00079-7
  39. Sholeh, M. A. N., & Helmi, M. I. (2021). The COVID-19 Vaccination: Realization on Halal Vaccines for Benefits. Samarah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Dan Hukum Islam, 5(1), 174–190.
  40. Simanjuntak, M., & Dewantara, M. M. (2014). The Effects of Knowledge, Religiosity Value, and Attitude on Halal Label Reading Behavior of Undergraduate Students. ASEAN Marketing Journal, 6(2). https://doi.org/10.21002/amj.v6i2.4216
  41. Siswaningsih, W., Firman, H., Zackiyah, & Khoirunnisa, A. (2017). Development of Two-Tier Diagnostic Test Pictorial-Based for Identifying High School Students Misconceptions on the Mole Concept. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 812, 012117. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/812/1/012117
  42. Spooner, C., & Hetherington, K. (2004). Social Determinants of Drug Use. University of New South Wales.
  43. Sudarsono, H., Ikawati, R., Kurnia, A., Azizah, S. N., & Kholid, M. N. (2024). Effects of religiosity, halal knowledge and halal certification on the intention of Muslims to use the halal vaccine during Covid-19 pandemic. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 15(1), 79–100. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-06-2021-0179
  44. Sunaryo, H., Wirman, A. P., Permanasari, E. D., Nikmatullah, N. A., Lestari, D., & Nurjanah, D. (2023). Optimization of DNA Extraction Methods in Fresh Meat (Rat and Chicken Meat) based on Incubation Time. Indonesian Journal of Halal Research, 5(2), 99–108. https://doi.org/10.15575/ijhar.v5i2.21325
  45. Surya, E. D. (2019). Pengaruh halal knowledge, islamic religiosity, lifestyle terhadap behavior konsumen muslim generasi Y. Jurnal Manajemen Tools, 11(1), 57–66.
  46. Susanti, A., Asih, R., Soemitro, A., Suprayitno, H., & Ratnasari, V. (2019). Searching the Appropriate Minimum Sample Size Calculation Method for Commuter Train Passenger Travel Behavior Survey. In Journal of Infrastructure & Facility Asset Management (Vol. 1, Issue 1).
  47. Tiwana, M. H., & Smith, J. (2024). Faith and vaccination: a scoping review of the relationships between religious beliefs and vaccine hesitancy. BMC Public Health, 24, 1806.
  48. Trangerud, H. A. (2023). “What is the problem with vaccines?” A typology of religious vaccine skepticism. Vaccine: X, 14, 100349. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvacx.2023.100349
  49. Ullah, I., Khan, K. S., Tahir, M. J., Ahmed, A., & Harapan, H. (2021). Myths and conspiracy theories on vaccines and COVID-19: Potential effect on global vaccine refusals. Vacunas, 22(2), 93–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vacun.2021.01.001
  50. Wardhana, A. K. (2020). Should be halal? is there any correlation between halal and vaccine? bibliography study in SCOPUS indexed academic paper. Journal of Halal Product and Research, 3(2), 80. https://doi.org/10.20473/jhpr.vol.3-issue.2.80-87
  51. Wodi, A. P., & Morelli, V. (2021). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases (E. Hall, A. P. Wodi, & J. Hamborsky, Eds.; 14th ed.). Public Health Foundation.
  52. Yani, M. T., & Suryaningsih, S. A. (2019). Muslim consumer behavior and halal product consumption. Al-Uqud : Journal of Islamic Economics, 3(2), 161. https://doi.org/10.26740/al-uqud.v3n2.p161-173
  53. Zaid, Z., & Al Bahy, M. P. (2022). Examining factors influencing halal COVID-19 vaccination intention among the moslem communities. Psikis : Jurnal Psikologi Islami, 8(1), 40–53. https://doi.org/10.19109/psikis.v8i1.11913