The influence of helicopter parenting on students self-efficacy and psychological well-being based on educational counseling perspective in madrasah tsanawiyah

Jurnal Konseling dan Pendidikan December 25, 2025 Volume 13, Number 3 3 authors

Abstract

This study aims to determine the influence of helicopter parenting on self-efficacy and psychological well-being in Madrasah Tsanawiyah students. This study uses a quantitative approach with a correlation design, and data obtained from 210 students through a likert scale questionnaire. The results of the study showed that there were clear differences based on gender. In male students, helicopter parenting does not have a significant effect on self-efficacy or psychological well-being. In contrast, in female students a significant influence was found, which showed that the higher the level of helicopter parenting, the lower their levels of self-efficacy and psychological well-being. These findings indicate that female students are more vulnerable to the psychological impact of overly controlling parenting, especially in the context of faith-based schools that tend to impose strict moral norms. Further research is suggested to explore cultural and emotional factors that may influence the relationship between parenting and adolescent psychological development.

Authors

  1. Syafi'i Syafi'i

    Universitas Negeri Surabaya

  2. Evi Winingsih

    Universitas Negeri Surabaya

  3. Titin Indah Pratiwi

    Universitas Negeri Surabaya

Keywords

Helicopter parentingSelf-efficacyPsychological well beingEducation counselingIslamic Students

References

  1. Andretta, J., & McKay, M. (2020). Self-efficacy and well-being in adolescents: A comparative study using variable and person-centered analyses. Children and Youth Services Review, 118, 105374. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105374.
  2. Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. Freeman.
  3. Bensaid, B. (2021). An Overview of Muslim Spiritual Parenting. Religions. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel12121057.
  4. Buchanan, T., & LeMoyne, T. (2020). Helicopter parenting and the Moderating Impact of Gender and Single-Parent Family Structure on Self-Efficacy and Well-Being. The Family Journal, SAGE Publications.
  5. Bunnell, P., Yocum, R., Koyzis, A., & Strohmyer, K. (2018). Parental Involvement in Elementary Children's Religious Education: A Phenomenological Inquiry. Journal of Research on Christian Education, 27, 1 - 19. https://doi.org/10.1080/10656219.2018.1442269.
  6. Çaksen, H. (2025). Religious Coping in Parents of Children with Down Syndrome: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Journal of Religion and Health, 64, 462 - 518. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-024-02207-0.
  7. Chan, E., Wong, K., & Clark, L. (2023). Challenging Parenting Behaviour and Anxiety Disorders in Emerging Adulthood. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 32, 663 - 677. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-022-02434-7.
  8. Cline, F., & Fay, J. (2006). Parenting with love and logic. NavPress.
  9. Cook, E. (2020). Understanding the Associations between Helicopter Parenting and Emerging Adults’ Adjustment. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 29, 1899 - 1913. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-020-01716-2.
  10. Dimyathy, M. (2024). Hubungan Antara Religiusitas Dengan Psychological well-being Pada Siswa Sekolah Menengah Pertama (SMP). G-Couns: Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling, 8(3), 1299-1309.
  11. Fitriyah, A. L., & Khotimah, S. K. (2023). Student Engagement pada Siswa MTsN yang Tinggal di Pondok Pesantren: Kontribusi Self Efficacy dan Iklim Sekolah. Jurnal Psikologi Islam, 10(2), 103-116.
  12. Fraenkel, J. R., Wallen, N. E., & Hyun, H. H. (2023). How to Design and Evaluate Research in Education (8th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
  13. Jung, E., Hwang, W., Kim, S., Sin, H., Zhang, Y., & Zhao, Z. (2019). Relationships Among Helicopter parenting, Self-Efficacy, and Academic Outcome in American and South Korean College Students. Journal of Family Issues, 40(7), 1–22.
  14. Kahneman & Krueger (2006) “Developments in the Measurement of Subjective Well-Being” – Journal of Economic Perspectives, 20(1):3-24.
  15. Keerthigha, C., Singh, S., Chan, K. Q., & Caltabiano, N. (2023). Helicopter parenting Through the Lens of Reddit: A Text Mining Study. Heliyon, 9, e20970.
  16. LeBlanc, J. E., & Lyons, S. T. (2022). Helicopter parenting during emerging adulthood: Consequences for career identity and adaptability. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 886979.
  17. Mulya, S., & Budiman, A. (2023). Pengaruh Resiliensi terhadap Psychological Well Being pada Mahasiswa Kedokteran Universitas Islam Bandung. Bandung Conference Series: Psychology Science. https://doi.org/10.29313/bcsps.v3i2.7634.
  18. Nguyen, Q., Madison, S., Ekas, N., & Kouros, C. (2024). Helicopter Parenting Behaviors and Emerging Adult Mental Health: The Mediating Role of Emotion Dysregulation. Emerging Adulthood, 12, 820 - 837. https://doi.org/10.1177/21676968241254565.
  19. Padilla-Walker, L. M., & Nelson, L. (2012). Black hawk down? Establishing helicopter parenting as a distinct construct from other forms of parental control during emerging adulthood. Journal of Adolescence, 35, 1177–1190.
  20. Pajares, F. (1996). Self-Efficacy Beliefs in Academic Settings. Review of Educational Research, 66(4), 543–578.
  21. Peng, B., Chen, W., Wang, H., & Yu, T. (2025). How does physical exercise influence self-efficacy in adolescents? A study based on the mediating role of psychological resilience. BMC Psychology, 13.
  22. Pinasti, E. S., & Hertinjung, W. S. (2025). Factors affecting psychological well-being of college students in the solo raya region: The influence of helicopter parenting and fear of negative evaluation. Psikologia: Jurnal Pemikiran dan Penelitian Psikologi, 20(1), 28-40.
  23. Prabowo, A. (2017). Gratitude Dan Psychological Wellbeing Pada Remaja. 5, 260-270. https://doi.org/10.22219/jipt.v5i2.4857.
  24. Prihardini, I., Sahrani, R., & Dewi, F. I. R. (2024). Hubungan antara Efikasi Diri dengan Sikap Pengasuhan Digital: Kajian pada Orang Tua Marginal. Humanitas (Jurnal Psikologi), 8(3), 317-332.
  25. Pusztai, G., Demeter-Karászi, Z., Csonka, É., Bencze, Á., Major, E., Szilágyi, E., & Bacskai, K. (2024). Patterns of parental involvement in schools of religious communities. A systematic review. British Journal of Religious Education, 46, 485 - 504. https://doi.org/10.1080/01416200.2024.2315550.
  26. Putri, H. & Khairat, M. (2022). Gambaran Efikasi Diri pada Remaja Tunarungu Berprestasi. Bandung Conference Series: Psychology Science. https://doi.org/10.29313/bcsps.v2i3.4884.
  27. Ryff, C. D. (1989). Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69, 719–727.
  28. Sadoughi, M. (2024). Overparenting and adolescent's trait anxiety: Unraveling the roles of basic psychological needs frustration and emotion dysregulation. Acta Psychologica, 251, 104579.
  29. Sugiyono. (2018). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan R&D. Bandung: Alfabeta.
  30. Tsang, S., Hui, E., & Law, B. (2012). Self-Efficacy as a Positive Youth Development Construct: A Conceptual Review. The Scientific World Journal, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1100/2012/452327.
  31. Vigdal, J. S., & Brønnick, K. K. (2022). A systematic review of “helicopter parenting” and its relationship with anxiety and depression. Frontiers in psychology, 13, 872981.
  32. Vigdal, J., & Brønnick, K. (2022). A Systematic Review of “Helicopter Parenting” and Its Relationship With Anxiety and Depression. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.872981.
  33. Wang, Y., Boele, S., Bülow, A., Keijsers, L., & Hawk, S. T. (2025). Helicopter parenting and youth affective well-being: Need satisfaction as a within-family mediator. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 1-17.
  34. Wang, Y., Boele, S., Keijsers, L., & Hawk, S. (2025). Controlling or Caring? Associations Between Helicopter Parenting and Perceived Conflict and Support at the Within‐Family Level. Journal of Adolescence, 97, 1667 - 1679. https://doi.org/10.1002/jad.12527.
  35. Widianto, F., Mulyono, S., & Fitriyani, P. (2017). Remaja Bisa Mencegah Gizi Lebih Dengan Meningkatkan Self-Efficacy Dan Konsumsi Sayur-Buah, https://doi.org/10.18196/ijnp.1257