Development of interactive e-worksheets to improve counting skills of children aged 5-6 years

Jurnal Riset Tindakan Indonesia August 18, 2026 Volume 11, Number 1 4 authors

Abstract

This research aims to develop a valid, practical, and effective interactive e-worksheet utilizing Canva, and Liveworksheets platforms based on Jerome Bruner’s cognitive development theory (enactive, iconic, symbolic) to improve the counting abilities of children aged 5-6 years. Using the ADDIE (Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement, Evaluate) research and development (R&D) model, this study was conducted at TK Pautan Hati Sungai Tambang during the 2025/2026 academic year. The subjects consisted of 5 children for the pilot test and 20 children for the field test. Data were collected using expert validation sheets, teacher practicality questionnaires, and children's counting performance tests (pretest and posttest). Formative evaluation from media, material, and evaluation experts showed a cumulative validation score of 94.08% (Highly Valid). The teacher's practicality response reached 97.00% (Highly Practical). Furthermore, quantitative analysis demonstrated a significant increase in children's average counting scores from 53.25 (pretest) to 89.50 (posttest). The efficiency was confirmed by a Normalized Gain (N-Gain) score of 0.776 (High Effectiveness) and a Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test significance value of 0.000 (p<0.05). In conclusion, the developed interactive e-worksheet is highly feasible, practical, and effective to be implemented in early childhood numerative learning.

Authors

  1. Salsabila Ramadhan

    Universitas Negeri Padang

  2. ⁠Setiyo Utoyo

    Universita Negeri Padang

  3. Dadan Suryana

    Universita Negeri Padang

  4. Yaswinda Yaswinda

    Universita Negeri Padang

Keywords

Interactive e-worksheetCounting abilityEarly childhood educationADDIEBruner's theory

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