Technical-locomotor proficiency gaps in youth badminton beginners: serve, net-drop, smash, and footwork

Lentera Negeri August 10, 2026 Volume 7, Number 1 4 authors

Abstract

Technical competence is essential for long-term athlete development in badminton; however, the development of racket skills and court-movement abilities during the novice stage remains insufficiently examined. This study aimed to describe serve, net-drop, and smash accuracy, as well as footwork agility, and to examine their relationships with chronological age and sex. A descriptive quantitative, cross-sectional design was employed involving 23 novice athletes (16 boys and 7 girls) aged 11–15 years from a university-affiliated badminton academy in West Sumatra, Indonesia. Participants completed a standardized field-test battery consisting of a modified French-Scott-Fox serve accuracy test, net-drop and smash accuracy tests, and an 8-point footwork agility test. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, norm-referenced scoring, Spearman’s rank correlation, and the Mann–Whitney U test. Mean serve accuracy was 45.4% (SD = 22.3), while net-drop and smash accuracy scores were 21.52 (SD = 8.55) and 18.74 (SD = 9.66), respectively. Mean footwork time was 18.14 s (SD = 3.33), with 69.6% of athletes classified in the very slowest normative category. Racket skills demonstrated moderate-to-high intercorrelations (ρ = 0.60–0.69, p < 0.01), whereas footwork was significantly correlated only with smash accuracy (ρ = −0.49, p = 0.018). Boys outperformed girls across the four performance measures (p = 0.006–0.007; d = 1.10–1.19), despite no significant difference in age distribution (p = 0.397). Age showed moderate-to-strong associations with the measured skills (|r| = 0.47–0.57, p < 0.03). These findings indicate that racket-handling and locomotor skills represent relatively distinct domains of early technical development. Therefore, novice training programmes should place greater emphasis on footwork and multidirectional agility while considering age- and sex-related differences when grouping athletes for training.

Authors

  1. Maulidia Putri

    Universitas Negeri Padang

  2. Eval Edmizal

    Universitas Negeri Padang

  3. Tjung Hauw Sin

    Universitas Negeri Padang

  4. Juanda Putra

    Universitas Negeri Padang

Keywords

References

  1. No references are available for this article.