Seberapa perlukah kebutuhan layanan bimbingan karier ai-driven: studi pada guru bimbingan dan konseling di Indonesia

Jurnal Konseling dan Pendidikan November 25, 2025 Volume 13, Number 3 3 authors

Abstract

This study investigates teachers’ needs for AI-supported integrated career guidance services. A total of 234 teachers from various regions in Indonesia participated, each with more than five years of experience teaching at junior high, senior high, or vocational schools. Using a needs-analysis questionnaire with both open- and closed-ended questions, the study found that while most teachers considered current career guidance services adequate, many expressed a strong interest in AI integration. When asked specifically about using AI in career counseling, 60.3% said it was highly necessary. Teachers also identified key features they would want in an AI-based system, including automatic interest and aptitude assessments (81.6%), student data–based career or major recommendations (81.2%), career mapping and self-development planning (69.7%), and real-time information on job markets and higher education (57.3%). These findings suggest that teachers are aware of the limitations of existing services and see significant potential in AI-driven platforms to enhance career guidance.

Authors

  1. Dede Rahmat Hidayat

    Universitas Negeri Jakarta

  2. Lucky Nindi Riandika Marfu'i

    Universitas Negeri Jakarta

  3. Nira Prihatin Nufus

    Universitas Negeri Jakarta

Keywords

References

  1. Adri, A., & Febriani, E. (2025). Integrasi Artificial Intelligence (Ai) Dalam Konseling Islam: Peluang Dan Tantangan Etis. Ikhtisar: Jurnal Pengetahuan Islam, 5(1), 201-218.
  2. Angelina, P., Kasman, R., & Dewi, R. S. (2020). Model bimbingan dan konseling karier untuk mengatasi pengangguran di Kota Bogor. Ta’dibuna: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 9(2), 178-192.
  3. Dewi, L., Rohaeti, E. E., & Irmayanti, R. (2021). Layanan bimbingan karier berbasis online melalui teknik diskusi kelompok dalam pengambilan keputusan karier siswa SMA. FOKUS: Kajian Bimbingan dan Konseling dalam Pendidikan, 4(5), 338-348.Gysbers, N. C., & Henderson, P. (2012). Developing and Managing Your School Guidance Program (4th ed.). American Counseling Association.
  4. García-Peñalvo, F. J., et al. (2023). Smart career guidance systems in higher education using AI and analytics. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 61(1), 102–123. https://doi.org/10.1177/07356331221128396
  5. Hidayat, R. (2021). Implementasi model integrasi bimbingan dan konseling dalam pendidikan dan penerapannya di sekolah dan madrasah. Jurnal Konseling Dan Pendidikan, 9(1), 56-64.
  6. Huang, M.-H., & Rust, R. T. (2021). Artificial Intelligence in Service. Journal of Service Research, 24(1), 3–17. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094670520902266
  7. Kementerian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, dan Teknologi RI. (2022). Kerangka Transformasi Digital Pendidikan Nasional. Jakarta: Kemendikbudristek
  8. Lent, R. W., Brown, S. D., & Hackett, G. (1994). "Toward a unifying social cognitive theory of career and academic interest, choice, and performance." Journal of Vocational Behavior, 45(1), 79–122.
  9. Li, Y., Zhang, W., & Huang, Q. (2023). AI-powered career guidance in China: Trends and ethical considerations. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 20(1), 12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-023-00394-9
  10. Luckin, R., et al. (2016). Intelligence Unleashed: An argument for AI in Education (report). (Diskusi mengenai potensi AI untuk personalisasi pembelajaran dan implikasi etis.)
  11. Luo, B., Wang, Y., & Chen, Z. (2023). AI-Driven Career Guidance: A Machine Learning Approach to Career Recommendation Systems. Computers & Education: Artificial Intelligence, 4, 100132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2023.100132
  12. Nguyen, T. H., & Le, D. T. (2024). Developing AI-powered career recommendation systems in Vietnamese higher education: A pilot study. Asia Pacific Education Review, 25(1), 45–60. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12564-023-09873-z
  13. Nugroho, A., & Yuniarti, F. (2022). Penggunaan teknologi dalam layanan bimbingan karier di sekolah menengah di Indonesia: Studi awal. Jurnal Teknologi Pendidikan, 24(2), 145–156. https://doi.org/10.21831/jtp.v24i2.50129
  14. Nurmalasari, Y., & Erdiantoro, R. (2020). Perencanaan Dan Keputusan Karier: Konsep Krusial Dalam Layanan BK Karier. Quanta: Jurnal Kajian Bimbingan dan Konseling dalam Pendidikan, 4(1), 44-51.
  15. OECD. (2021). The impact of technology on the future of education and skills (laporan kebijakan terkait AI dan pembelajaran).
  16. OECD. (2019). Working it out: Career guidance and employer engagement. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/7755d8c7-en
  17. Panisoara, I. O., et al. (2022). The Impact of Artificial Intelligence in Career Counseling and Educational Decision Making. Sustainability, 14(11), 6675. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14116675
  18. Permana, R., Utami, L. R., & Wahyuni, S. (2023). Tantangan transformasi digital dalam layanan bimbingan konseling di Indonesia: Studi eksploratif. Jurnal Bimbingan Konseling Indonesia, 8(1), 32–44. https://doi.org/10.21009/jbki.08103
  19. Rahayu, A. H. (2025). Bimbingan karier di dunia kerja. Bimbingan Konseling, 126.
  20. Rahim, M., Idris, I., & Alwi, N. M. (2025). Bimbingan Dan Konseling Karir. Star Digital Publishing.
  21. Rahmat, D., Wahyuni, E., & Herdi, H. (2014). Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pengambilan keputusan karir mahasiswa jurusan bimbingan dan konseling. Insight: Jurnal Bimbingan Konseling, 3(2), 20-24.
  22. Savickas, M. L. (2005). "The theory and practice of career construction." In S. D. Brown & R. W. Lent (Eds.), Career development and counseling: Putting theory and research to work. Wiley.
  23. Sawitri, D. R., Creed, P. A., & Zimmer-Gembeck, M. J. (2014). Parental influences on student academic and career development goals: A review and future directions. Journal of Adolescence, 37(8), 1145–1154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2014.06.00
  24. Super, D. E. (1990). "A life-span, life-space approach to career development." In D. Brown & L. Brooks (Eds.), Career Choice and Development (2nd ed.). Jossey-Bass.
  25. Theokas, C., & Milano, M. (2021). Integrating technology in career guidance: A case study of Naviance. Journal of Career Development, 48(5), 678–692. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894845320945642
  26. UK Department for Education. (2022). National Careers Service: Digital transformation report. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications
  27. Wang, Y., & Zheng, L. (2024). Using AI-based recommendation systems for career decision-making: A meta-analysis. Computers & Education: Artificial Intelligence, 5, 100093. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2024.100093
  28. Wang, Y., & Zheng, L. (2022). Artificial intelligence applications in career guidance: Opportunities and ethical challenges. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 3, 100064. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2022.100064
  29. Xie, J., Zhang, R., & Chen, Z. (2023). Human-AI collaboration in career counseling: Hybrid models and ethical reflections. AI & Society, 38(2), 401–418. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-023-01670-1
  30. Yulianti, K., & Sulistyo, B. (2020). Analisis kebutuhan layanan bimbingan karier dalam rangka pengembangan kurikulum karier berbasis teknologi. Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling, 9(1), 12–21. https://doi.org/10.21009/JBK.09102